| |
MAJOR TOPIC |
NOTES,
content details |
Materials |
Thumbnail sets of Powerpoint
slides, and other
media links |
SESSION
1
|
DESIGN:
OVERVIEW
IDENTIFYING VARIABLES AND
PLOTTING
AND DISPLAYING DATA
CENTRAL
TENDENCY
INTRODUCE RESEARCH DESIGN
|
Course Outline/objectives
* Participants' research experience - categorize
and brief discussion on objectives, scope, process
|
1.
Pre-test sheet 1 page (Handout)
2.
Course Notes (Handout)
CASE STUDY: onset curves for analysis |
DEFINITIONS
PAGE (Link)
PP:
100_011 VARIABLES
PP:
100_013 STUDY DESIGN
PP:
WHAT ARE THESE DESIGNS?
PP:
100_017_EPICURVES |
|
Variables, categories (Input/outcome,
continuous/categorical) |
Types of research:
* Qualitative vs. Quantitative Domains
* Experimental /intervention studies,
randomized controlled trials (RTC)
*
Longitudinal observational studies:
Prospective Cohort study
Retrospective Cohort study
Case-Control stud
*
Cross-sectional studies (surveys and one-time observational
studies)
* Adv/Disadvantages of
design
types
* Selection criteria, starting
"groups" with each method; examples. |
|
Plotting Histograms,
onset curves - case studies and interpretation.
|
|
METHODS REVIEW=============================
Plotting data, histograms, normal distribution, central tendency: mean, median, mode...)
|
SESSION
2
|
CENTRAL
TENDENCY (contd)
QUIZ#1: (10%)
Issued
(take home): Central tendency/distributions
and selecting controls
|
Standard Deviation calculation and interpretation
Standard error of the mean
Confidence limits, calc, & interpretation
* Controlling
* during selection
* during analysis |
CASE
STUDY: a CURIOUS OUTBREAK IN NEW YORK
|
PP:
100_022_STD
DEV
PP:
100_-25_CONF_
LIMITS
|
QUANTITATIVE METHODS REVIEW=======
(Standard
deviation, confidence limits, "normal distribution", importance and
characteristics)
|
SESSION
3
|
QUIZ#1:
Due back
DEFINING
and selecting "CASES" & "CONTROLS"
RATES
& RATIOS
WORKING
WITH CONTINGENCY TABLES
QUIZ#2 Take home: Solving the
outbreak using 2x2 tables
|
* Rates, Ratios
& Measures
Incidence/prevalence/duration
Mortality rates (Crude
MR, Age-specific MR,
Sex-specific MR,
Gender-specific MR,
Case
fatality rate (CFR),
Proportionate MR,
Standardized MR
______________________________________
QUANTITATIVE METHODS
REVIEW
Risk Measures
(Related Rates/true rel risk, Odds Ratio, attrib risk)
"Analytical" methods using 2x2
tables
* Chi-Square Test,
*
Fishers Exact Test
|
|
PP:
100_038_RATES&RATIOS
PP: 100_039_ODDS RATIO AND REL RISK
PP:
100_035_CHISQ&FET
|
SESSION
4
|
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
TWO MEANS
(T-TESTS)
|
* Appropriate use
of t tests
* Distinction between paired
and unpaired data
* Examples and practice from
published research
|
CASE STUDY:
t-test practice sheet
Case study: Eleven Blue men
|
PP:
100_044_t-test (UNPAIRED
DATA)
PP: 100_045_t-test
(PAIRED DATA)
|
|
QUANTITATIVE
METHODS REVIEW:
(comparing two means: t-tests)
|
SESSION
5
|
QUIZ#2: Due.
*ANOVA - One way
|
research design considerations:
Experimental and quasi-experimental designs
|
CASE STUDY:
Glycols
|
MEGAPLATING to
show bacterial evolution of resistance
PP.
100_056_Quasi-Exp.Study designs
PP: 100_058_ANOVA
|
|
QUIZ#3 issued:
t-tests and ANOVA
|
QUANTITATIVE METHODS REVIEW:
ANOVA) |
SESSION
6
|
BIVARIATE
ANALYSIS:
CORRELATION AND REGRESSION
|
* Case definition
* Ensuring input and outcome
accuracy when
designing research
|
CASE STUDY:
Case studies: critical review of published research*
|
PP: REGRESSION
pp: CORRELATION |
|
QUANTITATIVE METHODS REVIEW:
CORRELATION & REGRESSION |
SESSION
7
|
QUIZ#3 due
SURVEY RESEARCH
1:
sample
selection
Sample
size
QUIZ#4
Sample selection and sample size
|
SURVEY RESEARCH METHODS
* SAMPLING METHODS: Random sampling,
Sample unit, Sample frame, Sample fraction, Sample error, Sample interval
Random error
Systematic error
* Sample selection methods for survey research
Simple random sampling
Stratified sampling
Systematic sampling
Cluster sampling
Multistage sampling
SAMPLE SIZE calculations (1): The 'n' needed for
reporting parameters with acceptable confidence (esp.
survey research)
|
CASE STUDY: (to be decided)
|
PP:SAMPLING METHODS
PP: Sample
size
PP_Nomogram for power
analysis
|
SESSION
8
|
SURVEY RESEARCH 2
|
SAMPLE SIZE calculations (2): The 'n' needed to
find the effect if it exists: The "Power Analysis"
Use of nomogram for 'power' analysis
QUESTION-WRITING
QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN
ADMINISTERING THE SURVEY
|
Nomogram sheet for power analysis
CASE STUDY: Environmental arsenic poisoning
CASE STUDY:
CRITIQUE: Dakota health department outbreak of URI among
youth. published in ProMed (Handout)
|
PP:
Questionnaire design
|
SESSION
9
|
QUIZ#4 Due
HEALTH RISK
ASSESSMENT
AND
RISK
COMMUNICATION
CONFOUNDING
QUIZ#5 (confounding) |
* Sensitivity & Specificity
* Organizing and displaying data from the survey:
Getting from raw data to an informative table.
*
QUANTITATIVE
METHODS REVIEW:
(CONFOUNDING VARIABLES: DETECTION AND CONTROLLING
|
CASE STUDY:
to be
announced
|
PP: SENSITIVITY
& SPECIFICITY
PP:
CONFOUNDING VARIABLES
|
SESSION
10
|
(Can submit during the coming week but returns and
comments will be first-in, first-out)
|
INTRODUCTION TO
Probabilistic risk assessment
(PRA)
Quantitative risk assessment
(QRA)
|
CASE STUDY
|
PP:
Introduction to use of TREES to calculate
health risk
PP: Introduction to use of EPA 4-step model for
Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA)
|
SESSION
11
|
QUIZ#5 Due May
4
Suggested
submission date for (written)
Research design protocol
* CAUSATION AND BIAS
* MYTHS AND MISUNDERSTANDING
|
..............MENU for today...............
1. From data to published tables: guidelines for
constructing useful tables
2. Intro to program evaluation research
3. Biases, myths, and false claims (Including cancer
rates)
4. From Koch to Hill: criteria for attributing causation
5. The Baloney detection kit
6. Special look at Wakefield
7. Ethics and 'informed consent'
8. Placebo effects
9. Designing a study from end to begining
10. Seven steps for health-risk communication
|
* Hill's Criteria and example sheet
CASE STUDY: Investigation
of keratoconjunctivitis
* CKHS100 Post-test sheet |
PP: From raw data to completed
table
PP: CONTROLLING
PP:
HILL'S CRITERIA FOR ATTRIBUTING CAUSE
PP:
Bias & false Claims
|
SESSION
12
|
|
|
|
PP:
100_054_Herd immunity
PP: Evaluative research
PP: 100_119_FACTS&FICTIONS
PP: 100_116_CRITICAL_REVIEW
|